If you or someone you love is living with HIV, you may not immediately think about cancer risk. But understanding how the two are connected can help you take meaningful steps to protect your health.
A healthy immune system works behind the scenes to catch and address cell changes before they become a problem. When HIV weakens that process, certain cancers may have more room to develop. People with HIV may also be more susceptible to viruses that are connected to cancer risk. That's why staying on top of both HIV treatment and routine screenings is so important.
Did you know there are three cancers closely linked to advanced HIV? Known as AIDS-defining cancers, they are more common when HIV has progressed without treatment.
- Kaposi sarcoma appears as purple or brown spots on the skin, in the mouth, or elsewhere in the body and is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8).
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma affects the lymphatic system and can appear in different parts of the body, including the brain.
- Cervical cancer starts in the cervix and is linked to long-term infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).
Before effective HIV treatments, these cancers were common in people with AIDS. Now, with advanced HIV care, the risk of these cancers is much lower.
Steps You Can Take:
If you have HIV, there are steps you can take to lower your cancer risk. Taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) as prescribed is the most important, since it helps keep your immune system strong and reduces inflammation. Beyond that, everyday habits make a difference too:
- Quitting smoking
- Drinking less alcohol
- Eating well
- Staying active
- Protecting your skin from the sun
- Getting vaccinated for HPV and hepatitis B can also prevent some cancers.
Regular medical care is very important for people with HIV. Seeing your healthcare team regularly helps them monitor your immune system, identify problems early, and ensure your HIV specialist and other doctors work together. They can also adjust your treatment plan when needed. Your doctors will let you know which cancer screenings you need and how often, based on your personal risk factors.
The link between HIV and cancer risk can be complicated, but learning about it helps you take charge of your health. Thanks to modern HIV treatments and regular cancer screenings, many people with HIV live long and healthy lives. Staying informed, seeing your doctor regularly, and following your treatment plan are important ways to protect your health.
If you have questions about HIV and cancer risk or need expert cancer care, Carolina Oncology Specialists can help. Our team offers complete cancer care and works with you to create a treatment plan that fits your needs. Contact us to set up a consultation and find out how we can support your health.
published: Feb. 26, 2026, 7:43 p.m.